Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Outline the Main Geographical Processes Relevant to Coastal Management
The main geographical processes relevant to coastal management are; attrition, abrasion, erosion, hydraulic action, corrosion and longshore drift. In order for coastal management to be successful and efficient, it must combat these geographical processes. The most common way these geographical processes are addressed is simply with a sea wall for example, the one at Manly. This then slows the rate of hydraulic action in cliff faces, driving the coastline backwards as well as the other processes. Another mangement process is the TRESB project at the Tweed River which shipped the sand moved by longshore drift back to where it was needed, slowing the rate of erosion. Abrasion and attrition can also be fought with a sea wall.
Wednesday, September 7, 2011
Defence Set to Give US More Military Access
What are the US and Australian military forces agreeing to currently? What the specific implications of this agreement?
The US and Australian military forces are agreeing to share military facilities in Australia including "full knowledge and concurrence" of how the HMAS Stirling naval base in WA, an army base in Townsville, the port of Darwin and and the Bradshaw Field Training Area in the NT.
What is the name of the summit where Australia's Defense Minister and the US's Secretary of Defense will meet?
AUSMIN
Which country is the US specifically reacting to?
China
What are the US planners looking to achieve with this agreement regarding troop movement?
They are planning to "break up the globe" so they have more ways to move forces around the world.
What are other key areas of discussion at the summit?
Cyber security, process in Afghanistan and the state of the Joint Strike Fighter project.
What does this agreement mean for Australia's future in the Regional and Global context?
It will make Australia more involve with America in terms of fighting and defence problems which may arise. The other areas in the summit that will be covered in the meeting also be improved on. Also with Steven Smith looking at the purchase of 100 of the revolutionary multi-role jets, Australia could become a power with their Air Force.
The US and Australian military forces are agreeing to share military facilities in Australia including "full knowledge and concurrence" of how the HMAS Stirling naval base in WA, an army base in Townsville, the port of Darwin and and the Bradshaw Field Training Area in the NT.
What is the name of the summit where Australia's Defense Minister and the US's Secretary of Defense will meet?
AUSMIN
Which country is the US specifically reacting to?
China
What are the US planners looking to achieve with this agreement regarding troop movement?
They are planning to "break up the globe" so they have more ways to move forces around the world.
What are other key areas of discussion at the summit?
Cyber security, process in Afghanistan and the state of the Joint Strike Fighter project.
What does this agreement mean for Australia's future in the Regional and Global context?
It will make Australia more involve with America in terms of fighting and defence problems which may arise. The other areas in the summit that will be covered in the meeting also be improved on. Also with Steven Smith looking at the purchase of 100 of the revolutionary multi-role jets, Australia could become a power with their Air Force.
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
ASEAN Meeting
1. The goal of the ASEAN meeting is to improve and harmonise trade and investment policies as the bloc pursues an integrated regional economy by 2015.
2. The ERIA is the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia and they intend to draw up plans to aid in the bloc's plans to integrate policies.
3. The AEC is the ASEAN Economic Community and they plan to merge economic policies.
4. The three major areas are trade, transport services and investment facilitation.
5. The group plans to meet once every year.
6. They plan to establish a knowledge bank on possible tools members can use to pursue effective reforms and also a data bank of all regulatory reforms ASEAN members have made.
7. The Chairman of the meeting was Dato Lim Jock Hoi who is the Brunei Minister for Foreign Affairs. Brunei has a population of 400,000 and the GDP is $49711 per capita. Australia has a higher population compared to Brunei but GDP is $36642 per capita in Australia. This means that Brunei population is much richer per capita than Australia.
8. Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of custom tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state.
9. I think this will not be beneficial for Australia as Brunei is not a developing country and they do not need the coal we would make money from as they have high levels of oil. As Australia is in such close proximity to the Southern Asian area that is where we would make a lot of money from so abolishing any tariffs or trade would definitely not be beneficial for the Australian economy.
2. The ERIA is the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia and they intend to draw up plans to aid in the bloc's plans to integrate policies.
3. The AEC is the ASEAN Economic Community and they plan to merge economic policies.
4. The three major areas are trade, transport services and investment facilitation.
5. The group plans to meet once every year.
6. They plan to establish a knowledge bank on possible tools members can use to pursue effective reforms and also a data bank of all regulatory reforms ASEAN members have made.
7. The Chairman of the meeting was Dato Lim Jock Hoi who is the Brunei Minister for Foreign Affairs. Brunei has a population of 400,000 and the GDP is $49711 per capita. Australia has a higher population compared to Brunei but GDP is $36642 per capita in Australia. This means that Brunei population is much richer per capita than Australia.
8. Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of custom tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state.
9. I think this will not be beneficial for Australia as Brunei is not a developing country and they do not need the coal we would make money from as they have high levels of oil. As Australia is in such close proximity to the Southern Asian area that is where we would make a lot of money from so abolishing any tariffs or trade would definitely not be beneficial for the Australian economy.
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Asylum Seekers
1. An asylum seeker is any person compelled to leave his/her country owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality
2. The reasons they would have left their home country are:
Fear of political persecution or the prospect of such persecution in hishome country, i.e., a person seeking a political asylum.
Poverty and no prospect of overcoming said poverty in his home country, i.e., a person seeking an economic asylum.
A natural disaster.
If they are formally granted a political or economic asylum by a country other than his home country.
3. An asylum seeker can be approved if the refugee's life or other human rights are in danger
4. Australia's refugees are predominantly coming from the Middle East or Sri Lanka. Australia is trying to have 1/3 of refugees coming from Middle East, 1/3 from Asia and 1/3 from Africa
2. The reasons they would have left their home country are:
Fear of political persecution or the prospect of such persecution in hishome country, i.e., a person seeking a political asylum.
Poverty and no prospect of overcoming said poverty in his home country, i.e., a person seeking an economic asylum.
A natural disaster.
If they are formally granted a political or economic asylum by a country other than his home country.
3. An asylum seeker can be approved if the refugee's life or other human rights are in danger
4. Australia's refugees are predominantly coming from the Middle East or Sri Lanka. Australia is trying to have 1/3 of refugees coming from Middle East, 1/3 from Asia and 1/3 from Africa
Australia-Malaysia Refugee "Swap"
1. The deal between Australia and Malaysia says that Australia will "swap" 800 asylum seekers for 4000 genuine refugees.
2. The asylum seekers will be treated with dignity and respect protected by human rights
3. Malaysia has a record of violence and ill-treatment of illegal immigrants
4. Yes
5. They will be processed in Australia and sent to Malaysia
6. Refugee advocates worry that there is no way the Australian government can guarantee the upholding of human rights
7. The goal of the program is to stem the constant flow of asylum seekers.
8. No, as there is no way that the Australian government cannot, as said above, ensure that the human rights are obeyed and there is no guaranteed way in which this will insure that the flow of refugees will be 'stemmed'.
2. The asylum seekers will be treated with dignity and respect protected by human rights
3. Malaysia has a record of violence and ill-treatment of illegal immigrants
4. Yes
5. They will be processed in Australia and sent to Malaysia
6. Refugee advocates worry that there is no way the Australian government can guarantee the upholding of human rights
7. The goal of the program is to stem the constant flow of asylum seekers.
8. No, as there is no way that the Australian government cannot, as said above, ensure that the human rights are obeyed and there is no guaranteed way in which this will insure that the flow of refugees will be 'stemmed'.
Monday, July 25, 2011
North Korea's Threat to Australia
1. Kevin Rudd is the Foreign Minister for the Labor Government. A foreign minister is in charge of the foreign affairs of said nation, they must form foreign policies and are the main spokespeople on international affairs or issues.
2. Kevin Rudd's concern is that North Korea's development of a long-range nuclear weapon is a threat to Australia's national security and also the idea that North Korea has blamed the other nations in the region on the security problems in the North Korea area.
3. Kevin Rudd was able to express his views at the ASEAN regional forum.
4. North Korea's bombing of civilian South Korean homes, torpedoeing of a South Korean frigate and its defiance of 2 UN security council resolutions of proceeding with an enriched uranium weapons program.
5. North Korea's long-range nuclear missile, the Taepodong-2, is a direct threat to Australia according to Kevin Rudd
6. By calling out the North Koreans, Kevin Rudd is hoping that more nations will take his side for the wellbeing of the nation. He can therefore make Australia a real power in the Asia-Pacific region. If the other nations of the region do take his side, his relationships with them will grow and Australia will take on a greater role.
7. As a result, major allied nations will take note of Australia's international concern and this will then add to Australia's potentiality to add to the UN Security Council and become a mojor world player.
2. Kevin Rudd's concern is that North Korea's development of a long-range nuclear weapon is a threat to Australia's national security and also the idea that North Korea has blamed the other nations in the region on the security problems in the North Korea area.
3. Kevin Rudd was able to express his views at the ASEAN regional forum.
4. North Korea's bombing of civilian South Korean homes, torpedoeing of a South Korean frigate and its defiance of 2 UN security council resolutions of proceeding with an enriched uranium weapons program.
5. North Korea's long-range nuclear missile, the Taepodong-2, is a direct threat to Australia according to Kevin Rudd
6. By calling out the North Koreans, Kevin Rudd is hoping that more nations will take his side for the wellbeing of the nation. He can therefore make Australia a real power in the Asia-Pacific region. If the other nations of the region do take his side, his relationships with them will grow and Australia will take on a greater role.
7. As a result, major allied nations will take note of Australia's international concern and this will then add to Australia's potentiality to add to the UN Security Council and become a mojor world player.
Sunday, March 20, 2011
Urban Renew and Decay
- Define the following terms and include an example of each and explain how your example relates the word:
- Aesthetics: The way a place or area looks, whether or not it is pleasing to the eye. If an area is aesthetically pleasing, it tends to have been carefully, and neatly, planned out. An example of a place like this is Canberra.
- Safety
- The risk or danger of injury in a certain area. This concept covers the sturdiness of the building around the infrastructure etc. or any construction being undergone in an area.
- Slums
- A run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security.
- Decay
- Urban Decay is a process in which an area of a city/town falls into a state of disrepair.
- Reconstruction and renewal
- After 'Urban Decay' has taken place, then Rescontruction and Renewal may be necessary. This is the process of rebuilding any structures or infrastructure that may be unfit for their original or required purpose.
- Transport
- Transport in urban areas can pose several issues. Several forms of pollution are existant in areas of high transport density such as, environmental and sound (light). The value of an area can also be judged on its access to public transport like trains and buses, but being too close to these utilities can be a negative.
- Suburbanization
- The modern urban trends are that people migrate from the bigger cities to live a simpler, smaller life. This then results in country areas being "suburbanised". This is the process of less populated areas being 'upgraded' so that they can support large quantities of people.
- Environmental factors
- The environmental factors of an area is the 'environmental footprint' an area has. The amount of pollution and resources an area produces/uses are the environmental factors.
- Light and sound
- Some densly populated areas need large amounts of light, and because they are densly populated, sound is generated. These two factors can greatly affect the value of an area.
Monday, March 7, 2011
7.8 Dune Revegation Questions
1. Stuarts point in coastal mid-north NSW
2. 1893 (the Stuarts Point spit separates the river from the sea) May 1965 (seedlings were introduced to the area to restabilise the area) August 1965 (grazing cattle ate the seedlings and prevented restablilisation) 1970 (the government introduces one of the country's largest revegation project) Now (the dunes have been successfully restabilised)
3. The community put up fences and signs to stop people, and cattle, from destroying ot delaying the revegation process
4. Tourism and Fishing Industries make this area a valuable aspect to the local community
5. The gradual introduction of stronger and more stabilising plants in the essential parts make the revegation process so successful.
6. The roots move down into the dune, holding the sand in place meaning the wind cannot move the sand dune anymore
7. The cattle grazing stopped the initial seedling plantations as the cows then ate the seedlings before they were big enough to stabilise.
8. Fences put up would have stopped cattle getting at the seedlings but the lack of vegetation could mean the movement of the dunes due to wind and water etc.
9. The local community, Australian and NSW governments and tourists.
10. Assess, Evaluate, Tractors were used to create the foredune, essential for the regeneration, planting trees was the next stage.
12.
2. 1893 (the Stuarts Point spit separates the river from the sea) May 1965 (seedlings were introduced to the area to restabilise the area) August 1965 (grazing cattle ate the seedlings and prevented restablilisation) 1970 (the government introduces one of the country's largest revegation project) Now (the dunes have been successfully restabilised)
3. The community put up fences and signs to stop people, and cattle, from destroying ot delaying the revegation process
4. Tourism and Fishing Industries make this area a valuable aspect to the local community
5. The gradual introduction of stronger and more stabilising plants in the essential parts make the revegation process so successful.
6. The roots move down into the dune, holding the sand in place meaning the wind cannot move the sand dune anymore
7. The cattle grazing stopped the initial seedling plantations as the cows then ate the seedlings before they were big enough to stabilise.
8. Fences put up would have stopped cattle getting at the seedlings but the lack of vegetation could mean the movement of the dunes due to wind and water etc.
9. The local community, Australian and NSW governments and tourists.
10. Assess, Evaluate, Tractors were used to create the foredune, essential for the regeneration, planting trees was the next stage.
12.
7.5 Coastal Management on the Gold Coast
7.5 Coastal Management on the Gold Coast
Refer to the topographic map and aerial photograph on pages 164 and 165 to answer the following questions.
7. Express the scale of the map as a statement: One centimetre on the map represents 25 kilometres on the ground.
8. The contour interval on the map is 10 metres.
9. a) 175 m
b) 300m
c) 200m
d) 275m
e) 120m
f) roughly 15 minutes
10. The lighthouse at Point Danger at 32m
11. 25:30... not too sure about that one...
12. 30m
13. a) a bridge
b) roads/built up area
c) Point Danger Lighthouse
d) Border Park Raceway
e) Caravan Park
f) Jetties
14. a) Boyd Islands (mangroves)
b) Terranora Inlet
c) Kirra Beach
d) Mount Murraba
e) Inter Tidal Flat
f) Tweed River Mouth
15. GR 521842
16. Very low, only building is the sand dredging station.
17. AR5282 because much of 5281 is taken up by water and sports fields wheres, despite there also being much open, natural space in 5282, there is less than that of 5281
18.a) N
b) ENE
c) SSE
d) NE
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Summarisung the TRESB Project
1. The problem that led to the TRESBP was that longshore drift moved sand (that was moving North) across the mouth of the Tweed River, this then put boats and ships moving into the river at risk as the offshore sand bar could damage them.
2. There was one unsuccessful solution and then they updated it and now the solution is considered one of the greatest management strategies introduced. The first was the dredging and transport of the built-up sand Northwards towards the Gold Coast, this was expensive and environmentally unfriendly so there was a need to update and improve the strategy. The new strategy was then to build underground pipelines that pumped the built-up sand Northwards to the beaches that have been deprived of sand.
3. The result of the project was the beaches that were deprived of sand are no longer deprived of sand so yes, the project was a success.
2. There was one unsuccessful solution and then they updated it and now the solution is considered one of the greatest management strategies introduced. The first was the dredging and transport of the built-up sand Northwards towards the Gold Coast, this was expensive and environmentally unfriendly so there was a need to update and improve the strategy. The new strategy was then to build underground pipelines that pumped the built-up sand Northwards to the beaches that have been deprived of sand.
3. The result of the project was the beaches that were deprived of sand are no longer deprived of sand so yes, the project was a success.
Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project Questions
1. Offshore sand bars were beginning to form and they were a hazard to the ships that were offloading or onloading their cargo at Tweed River. The easiest solution was to build a breakwater.
2. The natural transportation of sand up the coast towards the Gold Coast was cut off as the sand stopped moving and built up at the Breakwaters.
3. Longshore drift moved sand up the coast North towards the Gold Coast, meaning sand build up across the mouth of the river. This then beacme a hazard for ships trying to travel up the river as they could become stuck or damaged by the sand bars.
4. It was a short-term solution only as the process was expensive and innefficient.
5. Pipelines underground pump the sand from where it accumulates to the beaches that are lacking sand on the Gold Coast
6. This project has been regarded as one of the most successful coastal management strategies implemented in Australia because it is so efficient and subtle. I think the process is really clever and there is no better solution to such a situation. The dredging of the sand was both expensive and environmentally unfriendly whereas the pipeline is very efficient and inexpensive (in comparison to the dredging).
7.
8. The beach has become more square and the is more sand has built up around the recently built Breakwater.
9. 500m
2. The natural transportation of sand up the coast towards the Gold Coast was cut off as the sand stopped moving and built up at the Breakwaters.
3. Longshore drift moved sand up the coast North towards the Gold Coast, meaning sand build up across the mouth of the river. This then beacme a hazard for ships trying to travel up the river as they could become stuck or damaged by the sand bars.
4. It was a short-term solution only as the process was expensive and innefficient.
5. Pipelines underground pump the sand from where it accumulates to the beaches that are lacking sand on the Gold Coast
6. This project has been regarded as one of the most successful coastal management strategies implemented in Australia because it is so efficient and subtle. I think the process is really clever and there is no better solution to such a situation. The dredging of the sand was both expensive and environmentally unfriendly whereas the pipeline is very efficient and inexpensive (in comparison to the dredging).
7.
8. The beach has become more square and the is more sand has built up around the recently built Breakwater.
9. 500m
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Maverick Waves from Around the World
A maverick wave is a monster, naturally occuring wave that is formed when a variety of factors come together. The term 'Maverick Wave' comes from a popular big-wave surfing point called Maverick's in Northern California, USA, where the waves frequently crest at 25 feet (8m). There are various other places with such huge waves like Oahu, on the north coast of Hawaii and Todos Santos, MexicoThere is a great video at this website: http://www.surfline.com/video/featured-clips/how-does-a-swell-form-and-get-into-todos_51691
Todos Santos is a Mexican town surrounded by amazing beaches. One of these beaches is La Peligroso. La Peligroso is a major big-wave surfing site and is included in the World Big Wave Surfing Tour in January - February. As an example of the size of the waves in the best conditions in 1998, a 50 foot wave was nominated for 'Biggest Wave of the Year'.
There are a few factors into how such big waves reach Todos:
- The deep water canyon prefers a long swell period primarily those over 15 seconds that combine over the deep water canyon
- Strong winds, over 40 knots or greater for at least a day and a half, about 1000 miles away low over the North Pacific heading West
The waves have a potential of over 80 feet across the Channel so professionals say that they have not seen Todos at its best.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
The Science of Big Waves
Pre-viewing:
1. Where do ocean waves come from? What gets them started?
Ocean waves come from the 'wave factory' in the Pacific Ocean. When the high and low pressure systems meet, pressure is released from the air and pushed right into the water.
2. What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?
Where they break, when they break how they break. How best to exit the wave if you need to.
Questions for the Video
1. Observe all the waves that you see and describe how they form and break. Use as many words found in the segment for you descriptions.
The steep reef, headland, pressure systems, wind and fetch all come into play to form the Maverick waves.
2. Describe how waves are formed, how they originate, and how they are measured?
They start thousands of miles away in a place called the 'wave factory' in the Pacific, the low pressure system meets the high pressure system and the energy is transferred from the air to the water. Windspeed (60 km/h), fetch (2000 miles) and duration (4days) .
They are measured in three waves; height, period and wave length (peak to peak or trough to trough). The longer wave length, the longer the period between waves.
3. What is a maverick wave and what is special about the way it is formed?
Some of the biggest in the world. the "mount everest of surfing". The sharp ocean floor converts the potential energy into kinetic energy. The wave refraction causes the wave to bend and rise and it feeds the energy to form the perfect wave.
4. How is energy stored and transferred during wave
The enrgy rotates the water, and that energy is used to propel the wave.
5. List any kind of advice given by the surfers about how to survive these “big waves.”
"The trick is to get in there and steal some fire before the full wrath of the wave is unleashed".
Sufers need to respect the full power of these waves as it could quickly turn into a fight for survival.
Homework:
Design a blog post on your blog of Maverick waves from different parts of the
world. Be sure to describe the geography and the topography of the ocean floor in
these areas and how this helps create these massive waves.
1. Where do ocean waves come from? What gets them started?
Ocean waves come from the 'wave factory' in the Pacific Ocean. When the high and low pressure systems meet, pressure is released from the air and pushed right into the water.
2. What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?
Where they break, when they break how they break. How best to exit the wave if you need to.
Questions for the Video
1. Observe all the waves that you see and describe how they form and break. Use as many words found in the segment for you descriptions.
The steep reef, headland, pressure systems, wind and fetch all come into play to form the Maverick waves.
2. Describe how waves are formed, how they originate, and how they are measured?
They start thousands of miles away in a place called the 'wave factory' in the Pacific, the low pressure system meets the high pressure system and the energy is transferred from the air to the water. Windspeed (60 km/h), fetch (2000 miles) and duration (4days) .
They are measured in three waves; height, period and wave length (peak to peak or trough to trough). The longer wave length, the longer the period between waves.
3. What is a maverick wave and what is special about the way it is formed?
Some of the biggest in the world. the "mount everest of surfing". The sharp ocean floor converts the potential energy into kinetic energy. The wave refraction causes the wave to bend and rise and it feeds the energy to form the perfect wave.
4. How is energy stored and transferred during wave
The enrgy rotates the water, and that energy is used to propel the wave.
5. List any kind of advice given by the surfers about how to survive these “big waves.”
"The trick is to get in there and steal some fire before the full wrath of the wave is unleashed".
Sufers need to respect the full power of these waves as it could quickly turn into a fight for survival.
Homework:
Design a blog post on your blog of Maverick waves from different parts of the
world. Be sure to describe the geography and the topography of the ocean floor in
these areas and how this helps create these massive waves.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Saturday, February 12, 2011
7.1 Coastal Management Questions 1 - 6
1. Describe how the settlement pattern of Australia is related to issues in the Coastal Environment
Over 85% of Australia's population lives within 50km of the coast, this high demand results in the construction of homes and apartments all over the coast. These excessive constructions result in coastal areas being entirely occupied and overcrowded leading to issues like pollution and land clearing.
2.Why is the sustainable development of the coastline the aim of coastal management strategies?
The sustainable development of the coastline is the aim of the coastal management strategies because of the high demand for property and concentration of people living on the coastline resulting in areas of coastline being over inhabited and then burning out. The sustainable development of the coastline is essential in preserving the coast for future generations to enjoy.
3. What trend has been labelled 'sea change'?
The trend of people living in big cities moving to smaller coastal towns has been labelled 'sea change'.
4. Describe one government response to 'sea change'.
One of the government's responses to 'sea change' was to place population limits and residential caps on the particular towns in order to avoid overpopulation and crowding.
5. Select four of the geographical issues facing the coastal environment presented in this unit. For each issue identify the human actions that cause the issue.
Issue one: Pollution: The high concentration of people living on Australia's coast has resulted in the pollution of the coastal environment. The people living on the coasts drop rubbish and waste which then gets washed down into the storm water drains, and then into to sea. Many of the organisms living in the water eat and get poisoned by this rubbish, therefore killing them off.
Issue Two: Overpopulation: The overpopulation of coastal areas due to the high demand of coastal properties has led to several issues concerning the coastal environment. one of these issues is the coastal towns being unable to sustain the large amounts of people leading to expansions in infrastructure which, in turn, affects the value and beauty of the coast.
Issue Three: Introduced Flora Species: Over the years, certain issues have led to the introduction of various coastal plant species. These species have done their original task but have spread into other areas. Some of these introduced species have spread to other areas of the coastline and are inflicting damage on the coast. The introduced species spread so quickly, they overgrow and surround native plant species, starving them of Sun, therefore killing them. Also, as these species are unattractive, they are considered quite an eyesore on an otherwise beautiful area.
6. What role do geographers play in developing management solutions to issues in coastal environments?
Geographers play a great role in the development of management strategies as they have the greater understanding of the coastal issues and processes and therefore how they are most effective.
Over 85% of Australia's population lives within 50km of the coast, this high demand results in the construction of homes and apartments all over the coast. These excessive constructions result in coastal areas being entirely occupied and overcrowded leading to issues like pollution and land clearing.
2.Why is the sustainable development of the coastline the aim of coastal management strategies?
The sustainable development of the coastline is the aim of the coastal management strategies because of the high demand for property and concentration of people living on the coastline resulting in areas of coastline being over inhabited and then burning out. The sustainable development of the coastline is essential in preserving the coast for future generations to enjoy.
3. What trend has been labelled 'sea change'?
The trend of people living in big cities moving to smaller coastal towns has been labelled 'sea change'.
4. Describe one government response to 'sea change'.
One of the government's responses to 'sea change' was to place population limits and residential caps on the particular towns in order to avoid overpopulation and crowding.
5. Select four of the geographical issues facing the coastal environment presented in this unit. For each issue identify the human actions that cause the issue.
Issue one: Pollution: The high concentration of people living on Australia's coast has resulted in the pollution of the coastal environment. The people living on the coasts drop rubbish and waste which then gets washed down into the storm water drains, and then into to sea. Many of the organisms living in the water eat and get poisoned by this rubbish, therefore killing them off.
Issue Two: Overpopulation: The overpopulation of coastal areas due to the high demand of coastal properties has led to several issues concerning the coastal environment. one of these issues is the coastal towns being unable to sustain the large amounts of people leading to expansions in infrastructure which, in turn, affects the value and beauty of the coast.
Issue Three: Introduced Flora Species: Over the years, certain issues have led to the introduction of various coastal plant species. These species have done their original task but have spread into other areas. Some of these introduced species have spread to other areas of the coastline and are inflicting damage on the coast. The introduced species spread so quickly, they overgrow and surround native plant species, starving them of Sun, therefore killing them. Also, as these species are unattractive, they are considered quite an eyesore on an otherwise beautiful area.
6. What role do geographers play in developing management solutions to issues in coastal environments?
Geographers play a great role in the development of management strategies as they have the greater understanding of the coastal issues and processes and therefore how they are most effective.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
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